International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM)

Advances in Schema. org Extensions and Enrichment: A Scoped Review of Methods, Actionable Measures, and Future Development Proposals

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Faeze Sadat Tabatabai Amiri 1
Abdolhosein Farajpahlou 2
Shahnaz Khademi 2
Sayyed Mahdi Taheri 3

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/ijism.2026.2028625.1482
Abstract
To provide a comprehensive overview of research related to the extension and enrichment of Schema.org, thereby offering valuable insights to guide future research for researchers, developers, and individuals interested in the field of Schema.org extension. This study is a systematic review of the scoping review types. Articles were retrieved from the Emerald, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The search was conducted using the keywords "Schema.org" in the sources' title, keywords, and abstract. The search was conducted in September 2023, and 725 articles were identified (Emerald: 5, Science Direct: 256; IEEE Xplore Digital Library: 21, Web of Science: 148, and Scopus: 290). EndNote, a reference management software, was used to organize the studies. Using EndNote, 90 duplicate articles were removed, and 592 articles were excluded after reviewing the title and abstract because they were irrelevant to the research objectives. Initial article selection was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full text of the remaining articles was then reviewed, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. As a result, five additional articles were excluded. Finally, 38 articles were included in the scoping review. Previous research in improvement, extension, and enrichment has focused on comparing and evaluating Schema.org extensions in the thematic areas of education, medicine, e-commerce, bibliography, tourism, and others. The number of attributes added to Schema.org in the studies exceeds the number of classes. Content analysis, empirical research, and literature review are among the most common methods used in Schema.org extension research. This review serves as a resource for Schema.org researchers and developers and has practical applications for businesses that rely on optimizing their online presence and visibility. Additionally, this review is expected to inspire further innovation in the quest for a more accessible, understandable, and meaningful web.

Keywords

Schema.org
Structured Data
Knowledge Representation
Semantic Web
Data Enrichment
Domain-Specific Extensions
Subjects
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International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM)

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 August 2026

  • Receive Date 10 May 2024
  • Accept Date 02 August 2026

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